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fouling (B2)

カタカナ: ファウリング

IPA: /ˈfaʊlɪŋ/

The act of breaking a rule in a sport or game, or the process of making something dirty or polluted.

意味: スポーツやゲームでルールを破る行為、または何かを汚したり汚染したりする過程のことです。

The player was sent off for persistent fouling throughout the match. — The player was sent off for persistent fouling throughout the match.
Industrial waste is fouling the river, killing local fish populations. — Industrial waste is fouling the river, killing local fish populations.
The ship's propeller was stopped by the fouling of seaweed around the blades. — The ship's propeller was stopped by the fouling of seaweed around the blades.

Japanese translations of Fouling:

commit a foul (verb + noun): To break a rule in a sport or game. — "The player committed a foul and received a yellow card."
fouling of [noun] (gerund + prepositional phrase): The act of making something dirty or polluted, or the state of being entangled. — "The fouling of the river has devastated the ecosystem."