CEFR C1

jihad

noun

Meaning

A struggle or fight against enemies of Islam, or a holy war waged by Muslims to defend their faith or spread it.

Examples

The concept of jihad is complex and has been interpreted in various ways throughout history.
Some extremist groups have distorted the meaning of jihad to justify violence.

Synonyms: crusade, holy war, struggle, effort

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jihad (C1)

noun

Pronunciation: /ˈdʒɪhɑːd/

Definition

A struggle or fight against enemies of Islam, or a holy war waged by Muslims to defend their faith or spread it.

Examples

The concept of jihad is complex and has been interpreted in various ways throughout history.
Some extremist groups have distorted the meaning of jihad to justify violence.
For many Muslims, jihad refers to an inner spiritual struggle to live a virtuous life.

How to Use jihad

jihad against (prepositional phrase): A struggle or war directed towards a specific enemy or cause. — "The group declared a jihad against the occupying forces."
inner jihad (collocation): The internal spiritual struggle of a Muslim to live according to God's will. — "Many scholars emphasize the importance of the inner jihad over outward conflict."

Synonyms of jihad

Words with a similar meaning to jihad:

Antonyms of jihad

Words with the opposite meaning to jihad:

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