CEFR C2

externality

noun

Meaning

An economic consequence of an activity that affects other parties without being reflected in the cost of the goods or services involved.

Examples

  • Pollution is a classic example of a negative externality because the producer does not bear the full cost of environmental damage.
  • Positive externalities occur when a neighbor's well-maintained garden increases the property value of all surrounding homes.

Synonyms: side effect, consequence, spillover, repercussion