# flawed

**Pronunciation:** /flɔːd/ · flawd

**CEFR level:** C1

**Part of speech:** adjective

## Meaning 1: General

Having a defect or imperfection; not perfect or correct.

## Examples

- The experiment's results were flawed due to a faulty measurement device.
- His argument, though passionate, was fundamentally flawed.
- Despite its flawed design, the ancient aqueduct served the city for centuries.

## Meaning 2: Logic

Containing a logical error or weakness.

## Examples

- The philosopher identified a flawed premise in the argument.
- His reasoning was flawed from the start.
- The jury found the witness's testimony to be flawed and unreliable.

## Synonyms

- imperfect — Generally lacking perfection, but not necessarily in a significant way.
- faulty — Not working correctly or reliably, often due to a specific defect.
- defective — Having a specific, often serious, defect that makes it unusable or unsafe.
- erroneous — Based on a mistake; incorrect, especially in reasoning or information.
- unsound — Not logical or based on good reasoning; not healthy or stable.

## Antonyms

- perfect — Without any defects or errors; complete and correct.
- flawless — Without any imperfections or defects; perfect.
- sound — Based on good reasoning or evidence; healthy and stable.

## Common patterns

- flawed by — Containing a defect because of something specific. — The report was flawed by numerous factual errors.
- flawed in — Containing a defect in a specific aspect or area. — His strategy was flawed in its execution.

## Collocations

- fundamentally flawed — The proposal was fundamentally flawed and could not be salvaged.
- seriously flawed — His understanding of the situation was seriously flawed.
- deeply flawed — The justice system can be deeply flawed.

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